parser.c

     
   1  //! @file parser.c
   2  //! @author J. Marcel van der Veer
   3  
   4  //! @section Copyright
   5  //!
   6  //! This file is part of Algol68G - an Algol 68 compiler-interpreter.
   7  //! Copyright 2001-2024 J. Marcel van der Veer [algol68g@xs4all.nl].
   8  
   9  //! @section License
  10  //!
  11  //! This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 
  12  //! under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the 
  13  //! Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or 
  14  //! (at your option) any later version.
  15  //!
  16  //! This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 
  17  //! WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY 
  18  //! or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for 
  19  //! more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
  20  //! License along with this program. If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
  21  
  22  //! @section Synopsis 
  23  //!
  24  //! Mailloux-type Algol 68 parser driver.
  25  
  26  // The Algol 68 grammar is a two level (Van Wijngaarden, "VW") grammar 
  27  // that incorporates, as syntactical rules, the semantical rules in 
  28  // other languages. Examples are correct use of symbols, modes and scope.
  29  // 
  30  // This code constitutes an effective "VW Algol 68 parser". A pragmatic
  31  // approach was chosen since in the early days of Algol 68, many "ab initio" 
  32  // implementations failed, probably because techniques to parse a language
  33  // like Algol 68 had yet to be invented.
  34  // 
  35  // This is a Mailloux-type parser, in the sense that it scans a "phrase" for
  36  // definitions needed for parsing. Algol 68 allows for tags to be used
  37  // before they are defined, which gives freedom in top-down programming.
  38  // 
  39  //    B. J. Mailloux. On the implementation of Algol 68.
  40  //    Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam (Mathematisch Centrum) [1968].
  41  // 
  42  // Technically, Mailloux's approach renders the two-level grammar LALR.
  43  // 
  44  // First part of the parser is the scanner. The source file is read,
  45  // is tokenised, and if needed a refinement preprocessor elaborates a stepwise
  46  // refined program. The result is a linear list of tokens that is input for the
  47  // parser, that will transform the linear list into a syntax tree.
  48  // 
  49  // Algol68G tokenises all symbols before the bottom-up parser is invoked. 
  50  // This means that scanning does not use information from the parser.
  51  // The scanner does of course some rudimentary parsing. Format texts can have
  52  // enclosed clauses in them, so we record information in a stack as to know
  53  // what is being scanned. Also, the refinement preprocessor implements a
  54  // (trivial) grammar.
  55  // 
  56  // The scanner supports two stropping regimes: "bold" (or "upper") and "quote". 
  57  // Examples of both:
  58  // 
  59  //    bold stropping: BEGIN INT i = 1, j = 1; print (i + j) END
  60  // 
  61  //    quote stropping: 'BEGIN' 'INT' I = 1, J = 1; PRINT (I + J) 'END'
  62  // 
  63  // Quote stropping was used frequently in the (excusez-le-mot) punch-card age.
  64  // Hence, bold stropping is the default. There also existed point stropping, 
  65  // but that has not been implemented here.
  66  // 
  67  // Next part of the parser is a recursive-descent type to check parenthesis.
  68  // Also a first set-up is made of symbol tables, needed by the bottom-up parser.
  69  // Next part is the bottom-up parser, that parses without knowing modes while
  70  // parsing and reducing. It can therefore not exchange "[]" with "()" as was
  71  // blessed by the Revised Report. This is solved by treating CALL and SLICE as
  72  // equivalent for the moment and letting the mode checker sort it out later.
  73  // 
  74  // Parsing progresses in various phases to avoid spurious diagnostics from a
  75  // recovering parser. Every phase "tightens" the grammar more.
  76  // An error in any phase makes the parser quit when that phase ends.
  77  // The parser is forgiving in case of superfluous semicolons.
  78  // 
  79  // These are the parser phases:
  80  // 
  81  //  (1) Parenthesis are checked to see whether they match. Then, a top-down 
  82  //      parser determines the basic-block structure of the program
  83  //      so symbol tables can be set up that the bottom-up parser will consult
  84  //      as you can define things before they are applied.
  85  // 
  86  //  (2) A bottom-up parser resolves the structure of the program.
  87  // 
  88  //  (3) After the symbol tables have been finalised, a small rearrangement of the
  89  //      tree may be required where JUMPs have no GOTO. This leads to the
  90  //      non-standard situation that JUMPs without GOTO can have the syntactic
  91  //      position of a PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY. The bottom-up parser also
  92  //      does not check VICTAL correctness of declarers. This is done separately. 
  93  //      Also structure of format texts is checked separately.
  94  // 
  95  // The parser sets up symbol tables and populates them as far as needed to parse
  96  // the source. After the bottom-up parser terminates succesfully, the symbol tables
  97  // are completed.
  98  // 
  99  //  (4) Next, modes are collected and rules for well-formedness and structural 
 100  //      equivalence are applied. Then the symbol-table is completed now moids are 
 101  //      all known.
 102  // 
 103  //  (5) Next phases are the mode checker and coercion inserter. The syntax tree is 
 104  //      traversed to determine and check all modes, and to select operators. Then 
 105  //      the tree is traversed again to insert coercions.
 106  // 
 107  //  (6) A static scope checker detects where objects are transported out of scope.
 108  //      At run time, a dynamic scope checker will check that what the static scope 
 109  //      checker cannot see.
 110  
 111  #include "a68g.h"
 112  #include "a68g-parser.h"
 113  #include "a68g-mp.h"
 114  #include "a68g-postulates.h"
 115  #include "a68g-prelude.h"
 116  
 117  //! @brief First initialisations.
 118  
 119  void init_before_tokeniser (void)
 120  {
 121  // Heap management set-up.
 122    errno = 0;
 123    init_heap ();
 124    A68 (top_keyword) = NO_KEYWORD;
 125    A68 (top_token) = NO_TOKEN;
 126    TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB) = NO_NODE;
 127    TOP_MOID (&A68_JOB) = NO_MOID;
 128    TOP_LINE (&A68_JOB) = NO_LINE;
 129    STANDENV_MOID (&A68_JOB) = NO_MOID;
 130    set_up_tables ();
 131  // Various initialisations.
 132    ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) = WARNING_COUNT (&A68_JOB) = 0;
 133    ABEND (errno != 0, ERROR_ALLOCATION, __func__);
 134    errno = 0;
 135  }
 136  
 137  void init_parser (void)
 138  {
 139    A68_PARSER (stop_scanner) = A68_FALSE;
 140    A68_PARSER (read_error) = A68_FALSE;
 141    A68_PARSER (no_preprocessing) = A68_FALSE;
 142  }
 143  
 144  //! @brief Is_ref_refety_flex.
 145  
 146  BOOL_T is_ref_refety_flex (MOID_T * m)
 147  {
 148    if (IS_REF_FLEX (m)) {
 149      return A68_TRUE;
 150    } else if (IS_REF (m)) {
 151      return is_ref_refety_flex (SUB (m));
 152    } else {
 153      return A68_FALSE;
 154    }
 155  }
 156  
 157  //! @brief Count number of operands in operator parameter list.
 158  
 159  int count_operands (NODE_T * p)
 160  {
 161    if (p != NO_NODE) {
 162      if (IS (p, DECLARER)) {
 163        return count_operands (NEXT (p));
 164      } else if (IS (p, COMMA_SYMBOL)) {
 165        return 1 + count_operands (NEXT (p));
 166      } else {
 167        return count_operands (NEXT (p)) + count_operands (SUB (p));
 168      }
 169    } else {
 170      return 0;
 171    }
 172  }
 173  
 174  //! @brief Count formal bounds in declarer in tree.
 175  
 176  int count_formal_bounds (NODE_T * p)
 177  {
 178    if (p == NO_NODE) {
 179      return 0;
 180    } else {
 181      if (IS (p, COMMA_SYMBOL)) {
 182        return 1;
 183      } else {
 184        return count_formal_bounds (NEXT (p)) + count_formal_bounds (SUB (p));
 185      }
 186    }
 187  }
 188  
 189  //! @brief Count pictures.
 190  
 191  void count_pictures (NODE_T * p, int *k)
 192  {
 193    for (; p != NO_NODE; FORWARD (p)) {
 194      if (IS (p, PICTURE)) {
 195        (*k)++;
 196      }
 197      count_pictures (SUB (p), k);
 198    }
 199  }
 200  
 201  //! @brief Whether token cannot follow semicolon or EXIT.
 202  
 203  BOOL_T is_semicolon_less (NODE_T * p)
 204  {
 205    switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 206    case BUS_SYMBOL:
 207    case CLOSE_SYMBOL:
 208    case END_SYMBOL:
 209    case SEMI_SYMBOL:
 210    case EXIT_SYMBOL:
 211    case THEN_BAR_SYMBOL:
 212    case ELSE_BAR_SYMBOL:
 213    case THEN_SYMBOL:
 214    case ELIF_SYMBOL:
 215    case ELSE_SYMBOL:
 216    case FI_SYMBOL:
 217    case IN_SYMBOL:
 218    case OUT_SYMBOL:
 219    case OUSE_SYMBOL:
 220    case ESAC_SYMBOL:
 221    case EDOC_SYMBOL:
 222    case OCCA_SYMBOL:
 223    case OD_SYMBOL:
 224    case UNTIL_SYMBOL: {
 225        return A68_TRUE;
 226      }
 227    default: {
 228        return A68_FALSE;
 229      }
 230    }
 231  }
 232  
 233  //! @brief Whether formal bounds.
 234  
 235  BOOL_T is_formal_bounds (NODE_T * p)
 236  {
 237    if (p == NO_NODE) {
 238      return A68_TRUE;
 239    } else {
 240      switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 241      case OPEN_SYMBOL:
 242      case CLOSE_SYMBOL:
 243      case SUB_SYMBOL:
 244      case BUS_SYMBOL:
 245      case COMMA_SYMBOL:
 246      case COLON_SYMBOL:
 247      case DOTDOT_SYMBOL:
 248      case INT_DENOTATION:
 249      case IDENTIFIER:
 250      case OPERATOR: {
 251          return (BOOL_T) (is_formal_bounds (SUB (p)) && is_formal_bounds (NEXT (p)));
 252        }
 253      default: {
 254          return A68_FALSE;
 255        }
 256      }
 257    }
 258  }
 259  
 260  //! @brief Whether token terminates a unit.
 261  
 262  BOOL_T is_unit_terminator (NODE_T * p)
 263  {
 264    switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 265    case BUS_SYMBOL:
 266    case CLOSE_SYMBOL:
 267    case END_SYMBOL:
 268    case SEMI_SYMBOL:
 269    case EXIT_SYMBOL:
 270    case COMMA_SYMBOL:
 271    case THEN_BAR_SYMBOL:
 272    case ELSE_BAR_SYMBOL:
 273    case THEN_SYMBOL:
 274    case ELIF_SYMBOL:
 275    case ELSE_SYMBOL:
 276    case FI_SYMBOL:
 277    case IN_SYMBOL:
 278    case OUT_SYMBOL:
 279    case OUSE_SYMBOL:
 280    case ESAC_SYMBOL:
 281    case EDOC_SYMBOL:
 282    case OCCA_SYMBOL: {
 283        return A68_TRUE;
 284      }
 285    }
 286    return A68_FALSE;
 287  }
 288  
 289  //! @brief Whether token is a unit-terminator in a loop clause.
 290  
 291  BOOL_T is_loop_keyword (NODE_T * p)
 292  {
 293    switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 294    case FOR_SYMBOL:
 295    case FROM_SYMBOL:
 296    case BY_SYMBOL:
 297    case TO_SYMBOL:
 298    case DOWNTO_SYMBOL:
 299    case WHILE_SYMBOL:
 300    case DO_SYMBOL: {
 301        return A68_TRUE;
 302      }
 303    }
 304    return A68_FALSE;
 305  }
 306  
 307  //! @brief Get good attribute.
 308  
 309  int get_good_attribute (NODE_T * p)
 310  {
 311    switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 312    case UNIT:
 313    case TERTIARY:
 314    case SECONDARY:
 315    case PRIMARY: {
 316        return get_good_attribute (SUB (p));
 317      }
 318    default: {
 319        return ATTRIBUTE (p);
 320      }
 321    }
 322  }
 323  
 324  //! @brief Preferably don't put intelligible diagnostic here.
 325  
 326  BOOL_T dont_mark_here (NODE_T * p)
 327  {
 328    switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 329    case ACCO_SYMBOL:
 330    case ALT_DO_SYMBOL:
 331    case ALT_EQUALS_SYMBOL:
 332    case ANDF_SYMBOL:
 333    case ASSERT_SYMBOL:
 334    case ASSIGN_SYMBOL:
 335    case ASSIGN_TO_SYMBOL:
 336    case AT_SYMBOL:
 337    case BEGIN_SYMBOL:
 338    case BITS_SYMBOL:
 339    case BOLD_COMMENT_SYMBOL:
 340    case BOLD_PRAGMAT_SYMBOL:
 341    case BOOL_SYMBOL:
 342    case BUS_SYMBOL:
 343    case BY_SYMBOL:
 344    case BYTES_SYMBOL:
 345    case CASE_SYMBOL:
 346    case CHANNEL_SYMBOL:
 347    case CHAR_SYMBOL:
 348    case CLOSE_SYMBOL:
 349    case CODE_SYMBOL:
 350    case COLON_SYMBOL:
 351    case COLUMN_SYMBOL:
 352    case COMMA_SYMBOL:
 353    case COMPLEX_SYMBOL:
 354    case COMPL_SYMBOL:
 355    case DIAGONAL_SYMBOL:
 356    case DO_SYMBOL:
 357    case DOTDOT_SYMBOL:
 358    case DOWNTO_SYMBOL:
 359    case EDOC_SYMBOL:
 360    case ELIF_SYMBOL:
 361    case ELSE_BAR_SYMBOL:
 362    case ELSE_SYMBOL:
 363    case EMPTY_SYMBOL:
 364    case END_SYMBOL:
 365    case ENVIRON_SYMBOL:
 366    case EQUALS_SYMBOL:
 367    case ESAC_SYMBOL:
 368    case EXIT_SYMBOL:
 369    case FALSE_SYMBOL:
 370    case FILE_SYMBOL:
 371    case FI_SYMBOL:
 372    case FLEX_SYMBOL:
 373    case FORMAT_DELIMITER_SYMBOL:
 374    case FORMAT_SYMBOL:
 375    case FOR_SYMBOL:
 376    case FROM_SYMBOL:
 377    case GO_SYMBOL:
 378    case GOTO_SYMBOL:
 379    case HEAP_SYMBOL:
 380    case IF_SYMBOL:
 381    case IN_SYMBOL:
 382    case INT_SYMBOL:
 383    case ISNT_SYMBOL:
 384    case IS_SYMBOL:
 385    case LOC_SYMBOL:
 386    case LONG_SYMBOL:
 387    case MAIN_SYMBOL:
 388    case MODE_SYMBOL:
 389    case NIL_SYMBOL:
 390    case OCCA_SYMBOL:
 391    case OD_SYMBOL:
 392    case OF_SYMBOL:
 393    case OPEN_SYMBOL:
 394    case OP_SYMBOL:
 395    case ORF_SYMBOL:
 396    case OUSE_SYMBOL:
 397    case OUT_SYMBOL:
 398    case PAR_SYMBOL:
 399    case PIPE_SYMBOL:
 400    case POINT_SYMBOL:
 401    case PRIO_SYMBOL:
 402    case PROC_SYMBOL:
 403    case REAL_SYMBOL:
 404    case REF_SYMBOL:
 405    case ROWS_SYMBOL:
 406    case ROW_SYMBOL:
 407    case SEMA_SYMBOL:
 408    case SEMI_SYMBOL:
 409    case SHORT_SYMBOL:
 410    case SKIP_SYMBOL:
 411    case SOUND_SYMBOL:
 412    case STRING_SYMBOL:
 413    case STRUCT_SYMBOL:
 414    case STYLE_I_COMMENT_SYMBOL:
 415    case STYLE_II_COMMENT_SYMBOL:
 416    case STYLE_I_PRAGMAT_SYMBOL:
 417    case SUB_SYMBOL:
 418    case THEN_BAR_SYMBOL:
 419    case THEN_SYMBOL:
 420    case TO_SYMBOL:
 421    case TRANSPOSE_SYMBOL:
 422    case TRUE_SYMBOL:
 423    case UNION_SYMBOL:
 424    case UNTIL_SYMBOL:
 425    case VOID_SYMBOL:
 426    case WHILE_SYMBOL:
 427    case SERIAL_CLAUSE:
 428    case ENQUIRY_CLAUSE:
 429    case INITIALISER_SERIES:
 430    case DECLARATION_LIST: {
 431        return A68_TRUE;
 432      }
 433    }
 434    return A68_FALSE;
 435  }
 436  
 437  void a68_parser (void)
 438  {
 439  // Tokeniser.
 440    FILE_SOURCE_OPENED (&A68_JOB) = A68_TRUE;
 441    announce_phase ("initialiser");
 442    A68_PARSER (error_tag) = (TAG_T *) new_tag ();
 443    init_parser ();
 444    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 445      int frame_stack_size_2 = A68 (frame_stack_size);
 446      int expr_stack_size_2 = A68 (expr_stack_size);
 447      int heap_size_2 = A68 (heap_size);
 448      int handle_pool_size_2 = A68 (handle_pool_size);
 449      BOOL_T ok;
 450      announce_phase ("tokeniser");
 451      ok = lexical_analyser ();
 452      if (!ok || errno != 0) {
 453        diagnostics_to_terminal (TOP_LINE (&A68_JOB), A68_ALL_DIAGNOSTICS);
 454        return;
 455      }
 456  // Maybe the program asks for more memory through a PRAGMAT. We restart.
 457      if (frame_stack_size_2 != A68 (frame_stack_size) || expr_stack_size_2 != A68 (expr_stack_size) || heap_size_2 != A68 (heap_size) || handle_pool_size_2 != A68 (handle_pool_size)) {
 458        announce_phase ("tokeniser");
 459        free_syntax_tree (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 460        discard_heap ();
 461        init_before_tokeniser ();
 462        SOURCE_SCAN (&A68_JOB)++;
 463        ok = lexical_analyser ();
 464        verbosity ();
 465      }
 466      if (!ok || errno != 0) {
 467        diagnostics_to_terminal (TOP_LINE (&A68_JOB), A68_ALL_DIAGNOSTICS);
 468        return;
 469      }
 470      ASSERT (close (FILE_SOURCE_FD (&A68_JOB)) == 0);
 471      FILE_SOURCE_OPENED (&A68_JOB) = A68_FALSE;
 472      prune_echoes (OPTION_LIST (&A68_JOB));
 473      TREE_LISTING_SAFE (&A68_JOB) = A68_TRUE;
 474      int renum = 0;
 475      renumber_nodes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), &renum);
 476    }
 477  // Now the default precision of LONG LONG modes is fixed.
 478    if (long_mp_digits () == 0) {
 479      set_long_mp_digits (LONG_LONG_MP_DIGITS);
 480    }
 481  // Final initialisations.
 482    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 483      if (OPTION_REGRESSION_TEST (&A68_JOB)) {
 484        a68_bufcpy (A68 (a68_cmd_name), "a68g", BUFFER_SIZE);
 485        io_close_tty_line ();
 486        WRITE (A68_STDERR, "[");
 487        WRITE (A68_STDERR, FILE_INITIAL_NAME (&A68_JOB));
 488        WRITE (A68_STDERR, "]\n");
 489      }
 490      A68_STANDENV = NO_TABLE;
 491      init_postulates ();
 492      A68 (mode_count) = 0;
 493      make_special_mode (&M_HIP, A68 (mode_count)++);
 494      make_special_mode (&M_UNDEFINED, A68 (mode_count)++);
 495      make_special_mode (&M_ERROR, A68 (mode_count)++);
 496      make_special_mode (&M_VACUUM, A68 (mode_count)++);
 497      make_special_mode (&M_C_STRING, A68 (mode_count)++);
 498      make_special_mode (&M_COLLITEM, A68 (mode_count)++);
 499      make_special_mode (&M_SOUND_DATA, A68 (mode_count)++);
 500    }
 501  // Refinement preprocessor.
 502    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 503      announce_phase ("preprocessor");
 504      get_refinements ();
 505      if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 506        put_refinements ();
 507      }
 508      int renum = 0;
 509      renumber_nodes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), &renum);
 510      verbosity ();
 511    }
 512  // Top-down parser.
 513    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 514      announce_phase ("parser phase 1");
 515      check_parenthesis (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 516      if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 517        if (OPTION_BRACKETS (&A68_JOB)) {
 518          substitute_brackets (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 519        }
 520        A68 (symbol_table_count) = 0;
 521        A68_STANDENV = new_symbol_table (NO_TABLE);
 522        LEVEL (A68_STANDENV) = 0;
 523        top_down_parser (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 524      }
 525      int renum = 0;
 526      renumber_nodes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), &renum);
 527      verbosity ();
 528    }
 529  // Standard environment builder.
 530    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 531      announce_phase ("standard environ builder");
 532      TABLE (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB)) = new_symbol_table (A68_STANDENV);
 533      make_standard_environ ();
 534      STANDENV_MOID (&A68_JOB) = TOP_MOID (&A68_JOB);
 535      verbosity ();
 536    }
 537  // Bottom-up parser.
 538    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 539      announce_phase ("parser phase 2");
 540      preliminary_symbol_table_setup (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 541      bottom_up_parser (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 542      int renum = 0;
 543      renumber_nodes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), &renum);
 544      verbosity ();
 545    }
 546    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 547      announce_phase ("parser phase 3");
 548      bottom_up_error_check (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 549      victal_checker (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 550      if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 551        finalise_symbol_table_setup (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), 2);
 552        NEST (TABLE (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB))) = A68 (symbol_table_count) = 3;
 553        reset_symbol_table_nest_count (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 554        fill_symbol_table_outer (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), TABLE (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB)));
 555        set_nest (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), NO_NODE);
 556        set_proc_level (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), 1);
 557      }
 558      int renum = 0;
 559      renumber_nodes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), &renum);
 560      verbosity ();
 561    }
 562  // Mode table builder.
 563    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 564      announce_phase ("mode table builder");
 565      make_moid_list (&A68_JOB);
 566      verbosity ();
 567    }
 568    CROSS_REFERENCE_SAFE (&A68_JOB) = A68_TRUE;
 569  // Symbol table builder.
 570    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 571      announce_phase ("symbol table builder");
 572      collect_taxes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 573      verbosity ();
 574    }
 575  // Post parser.
 576    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 577      announce_phase ("parser phase 4");
 578      rearrange_goto_less_jumps (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 579      verbosity ();
 580    }
 581  // Mode checker.
 582    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 583      announce_phase ("mode checker");
 584      mode_checker (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 585      verbosity ();
 586    }
 587  // Coercion inserter.
 588    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 589      announce_phase ("coercion enforcer");
 590      coercion_inserter (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 591      widen_denotation (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 592      get_max_simplout_size (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 593      set_moid_sizes (TOP_MOID (&A68_JOB));
 594      assign_offsets_table (A68_STANDENV);
 595      assign_offsets (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 596      assign_offsets_packs (TOP_MOID (&A68_JOB));
 597      int renum = 0;
 598      renumber_nodes (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB), &renum);
 599      verbosity ();
 600    }
 601  // Application checker.
 602    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 603      announce_phase ("application checker");
 604      mark_moids (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 605      mark_auxilliary (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 606      jumps_from_procs (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 607      warn_for_unused_tags (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 608      verbosity ();
 609    }
 610  // Scope checker.
 611    if (ERROR_COUNT (&A68_JOB) == 0) {
 612      announce_phase ("static scope checker");
 613      tie_label_to_serial (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 614      tie_label_to_unit (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 615      bind_routine_tags_to_tree (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 616      bind_format_tags_to_tree (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 617      scope_checker (TOP_NODE (&A68_JOB));
 618      verbosity ();
 619    }
 620  }
 621  
 622  //! @brief Renumber nodes.
 623  
 624  void renumber_nodes (NODE_T * p, int *n)
 625  {
 626    for (; p != NO_NODE; FORWARD (p)) {
 627      NUMBER (p) = (*n)++;
 628      renumber_nodes (SUB (p), n);
 629    }
 630  }
 631  
 632  //! @brief Register nodes.
 633  
 634  void register_nodes (NODE_T * p)
 635  {
 636    for (; p != NO_NODE; FORWARD (p)) {
 637      A68 (node_register)[NUMBER (p)] = p;
 638      register_nodes (SUB (p));
 639    }
 640  }
 641  
 642  //! @brief New_node_info.
 643  
 644  NODE_INFO_T *new_node_info (void)
 645  {
 646    NODE_INFO_T *z = (NODE_INFO_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (NODE_INFO_T));
 647    A68 (new_node_infos)++;
 648    PROCEDURE_LEVEL (z) = 0;
 649    CHAR_IN_LINE (z) = NO_TEXT;
 650    SYMBOL (z) = NO_TEXT;
 651    PRAGMENT (z) = NO_TEXT;
 652    PRAGMENT_TYPE (z) = 0;
 653    LINE (z) = NO_LINE;
 654    return z;
 655  }
 656  
 657  //! @brief New_genie_info.
 658  
 659  GINFO_T *new_genie_info (void)
 660  {
 661    GINFO_T *z = (GINFO_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (GINFO_T));
 662    A68 (new_genie_infos)++;
 663    UNIT (&PROP (z)) = NO_PPROC;
 664    SOURCE (&PROP (z)) = NO_NODE;
 665    PARTIAL_PROC (z) = NO_MOID;
 666    PARTIAL_LOCALE (z) = NO_MOID;
 667    IS_COERCION (z) = A68_FALSE;
 668    IS_NEW_LEXICAL_LEVEL (z) = A68_FALSE;
 669    NEED_DNS (z) = A68_FALSE;
 670    PARENT (z) = NO_NODE;
 671    OFFSET (z) = NO_BYTE;
 672    CONSTANT (z) = NO_CONSTANT;
 673    LEVEL (z) = 0;
 674    ARGSIZE (z) = 0;
 675    SIZE (z) = 0;
 676    COMPILE_NAME (z) = NO_TEXT;
 677    COMPILE_NODE (z) = 0;
 678    return z;
 679  }
 680  
 681  //! @brief New_node.
 682  
 683  NODE_T *new_node (void)
 684  {
 685    NODE_T *z = (NODE_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (NODE_T));
 686    A68 (new_nodes)++;
 687    STATUS (z) = NULL_MASK;
 688    CODEX (z) = NULL_MASK;
 689    TABLE (z) = NO_TABLE;
 690    INFO (z) = NO_NINFO;
 691    GINFO (z) = NO_GINFO;
 692    ATTRIBUTE (z) = 0;
 693    ANNOTATION (z) = 0;
 694    MOID (z) = NO_MOID;
 695    NEXT (z) = NO_NODE;
 696    PREVIOUS (z) = NO_NODE;
 697    SUB (z) = NO_NODE;
 698    NEST (z) = NO_NODE;
 699    NON_LOCAL (z) = NO_TABLE;
 700    TAX (z) = NO_TAG;
 701    SEQUENCE (z) = NO_NODE;
 702    PACK (z) = NO_PACK;
 703    return z;
 704  }
 705  
 706  //! @brief New_symbol_table.
 707  
 708  TABLE_T *new_symbol_table (TABLE_T * p)
 709  {
 710    TABLE_T *z = (TABLE_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (TABLE_T));
 711    NUM (z) = A68 (symbol_table_count);
 712    LEVEL (z) = A68 (symbol_table_count)++;
 713    NEST (z) = A68 (symbol_table_count);
 714    ATTRIBUTE (z) = 0;
 715    AP_INCREMENT (z) = 0;
 716    INITIALISE_FRAME (z) = A68_TRUE;
 717    PROC_OPS (z) = A68_TRUE;
 718    INITIALISE_ANON (z) = A68_TRUE;
 719    PREVIOUS (z) = p;
 720    OUTER (z) = NO_TABLE;
 721    IDENTIFIERS (z) = NO_TAG;
 722    OPERATORS (z) = NO_TAG;
 723    PRIO (z) = NO_TAG;
 724    INDICANTS (z) = NO_TAG;
 725    LABELS (z) = NO_TAG;
 726    ANONYMOUS (z) = NO_TAG;
 727    JUMP_TO (z) = NO_NODE;
 728    SEQUENCE (z) = NO_NODE;
 729    return z;
 730  }
 731  
 732  //! @brief New_moid.
 733  
 734  MOID_T *new_moid (void)
 735  {
 736    MOID_T *z = (MOID_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (MOID_T));
 737    A68 (new_modes)++;
 738    ATTRIBUTE (z) = 0;
 739    NUMBER (z) = 0;
 740    DIM (z) = 0;
 741    USE (z) = A68_FALSE;
 742    HAS_ROWS (z) = A68_FALSE;
 743    SIZE (z) = 0;
 744    DIGITS (z) = 0;
 745    SIZE_COMPL (z) = 0;
 746    DIGITS_COMPL (z) = 0;
 747    PORTABLE (z) = A68_TRUE;
 748    DERIVATE (z) = A68_FALSE;
 749    NODE (z) = NO_NODE;
 750    PACK (z) = NO_PACK;
 751    SUB (z) = NO_MOID;
 752    EQUIVALENT_MODE (z) = NO_MOID;
 753    SLICE (z) = NO_MOID;
 754    TRIM (z) = NO_MOID;
 755    DEFLEXED (z) = NO_MOID;
 756    NAME (z) = NO_MOID;
 757    MULTIPLE_MODE (z) = NO_MOID;
 758    NEXT (z) = NO_MOID;
 759    return z;
 760  }
 761  
 762  //! @brief New_pack.
 763  
 764  PACK_T *new_pack (void)
 765  {
 766    PACK_T *z = (PACK_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (PACK_T));
 767    MOID (z) = NO_MOID;
 768    TEXT (z) = NO_TEXT;
 769    NODE (z) = NO_NODE;
 770    NEXT (z) = NO_PACK;
 771    PREVIOUS (z) = NO_PACK;
 772    SIZE (z) = 0;
 773    OFFSET (z) = 0;
 774    return z;
 775  }
 776  
 777  //! @brief New_tag.
 778  
 779  TAG_T *new_tag (void)
 780  {
 781    TAG_T *z = (TAG_T *) get_fixed_heap_space ((size_t) SIZE_ALIGNED (TAG_T));
 782    STATUS (z) = NULL_MASK;
 783    CODEX (z) = NULL_MASK;
 784    TAG_TABLE (z) = NO_TABLE;
 785    MOID (z) = NO_MOID;
 786    NODE (z) = NO_NODE;
 787    UNIT (z) = NO_NODE;
 788    VALUE (z) = NO_TEXT;
 789    A68_STANDENV_PROC (z) = 0;
 790    PROCEDURE (z) = NO_GPROC;
 791    SCOPE (z) = PRIMAL_SCOPE;
 792    SCOPE_ASSIGNED (z) = A68_FALSE;
 793    PRIO (z) = 0;
 794    USE (z) = A68_FALSE;
 795    IN_PROC (z) = A68_FALSE;
 796    HEAP (z) = A68_FALSE;
 797    SIZE (z) = 0;
 798    OFFSET (z) = 0;
 799    YOUNGEST_ENVIRON (z) = PRIMAL_SCOPE;
 800    LOC_ASSIGNED (z) = A68_FALSE;
 801    NEXT (z) = NO_TAG;
 802    BODY (z) = NO_TAG;
 803    PORTABLE (z) = A68_TRUE;
 804    NUMBER (z) = ++A68_PARSER (tag_number);
 805    return z;
 806  }
 807  
 808  //! @brief Make special, internal mode.
 809  
 810  void make_special_mode (MOID_T ** n, int m)
 811  {
 812    (*n) = new_moid ();
 813    ATTRIBUTE (*n) = 0;
 814    NUMBER (*n) = m;
 815    PACK (*n) = NO_PACK;
 816    SUB (*n) = NO_MOID;
 817    EQUIVALENT (*n) = NO_MOID;
 818    DEFLEXED (*n) = NO_MOID;
 819    NAME (*n) = NO_MOID;
 820    SLICE (*n) = NO_MOID;
 821    TRIM (*n) = NO_MOID;
 822    ROWED (*n) = NO_MOID;
 823  }
 824  
 825  //! @brief Whether x matches c; case insensitive.
 826  
 827  BOOL_T match_string (char *x, char *c, char alt)
 828  {
 829    BOOL_T match = A68_TRUE;
 830    while ((IS_UPPER (c[0]) || IS_DIGIT (c[0]) || c[0] == '-') && match) {
 831      match = (BOOL_T) (match & (TO_LOWER (x[0]) == TO_LOWER ((c++)[0])));
 832      if (!(x[0] == NULL_CHAR || x[0] == alt)) {
 833        x++;
 834      }
 835    }
 836    while (x[0] != NULL_CHAR && x[0] != alt && c[0] != NULL_CHAR && match) {
 837      match = (BOOL_T) (match & (TO_LOWER ((x++)[0]) == TO_LOWER ((c++)[0])));
 838    }
 839    return (BOOL_T) (match ? (x[0] == NULL_CHAR || x[0] == alt) : A68_FALSE);
 840  }
 841  
 842  //! @brief Whether attributes match in subsequent nodes.
 843  
 844  BOOL_T whether (NODE_T * p, ...)
 845  {
 846    va_list vl;
 847    va_start (vl, p);
 848    int a;
 849    while ((a = va_arg (vl, int)) != STOP)
 850    {
 851      if (p != NO_NODE && a == WILDCARD) {
 852        FORWARD (p);
 853      } else if (p != NO_NODE && (a == KEYWORD)) {
 854        if (find_keyword_from_attribute (A68 (top_keyword), ATTRIBUTE (p)) != NO_KEYWORD) {
 855          FORWARD (p);
 856        } else {
 857          va_end (vl);
 858          return A68_FALSE;
 859        }
 860      } else if (p != NO_NODE && (a >= 0 ? a == ATTRIBUTE (p) : (-a) != ATTRIBUTE (p))) {
 861        FORWARD (p);
 862      } else {
 863        va_end (vl);
 864        return A68_FALSE;
 865      }
 866    }
 867    va_end (vl);
 868    return A68_TRUE;
 869  }
 870  
 871  //! @brief Whether one of a series of attributes matches a node.
 872  
 873  BOOL_T is_one_of (NODE_T * p, ...)
 874  {
 875    if (p != NO_NODE) {
 876      va_list vl;
 877      va_start (vl, p);
 878      BOOL_T match = A68_FALSE;
 879      int a;
 880      while ((a = va_arg (vl, int)) != STOP)
 881      {
 882        match = (BOOL_T) (match | (BOOL_T) (IS (p, a)));
 883      }
 884      va_end (vl);
 885      return match;
 886    } else {
 887      return A68_FALSE;
 888    }
 889  }
 890  
 891  //! @brief Isolate nodes p-q making p a branch to p-q.
 892  
 893  void make_sub (NODE_T * p, NODE_T * q, int t)
 894  {
 895    NODE_T *z = new_node ();
 896    ABEND (p == NO_NODE || q == NO_NODE, ERROR_INTERNAL_CONSISTENCY, __func__);
 897    *z = *p;
 898    if (GINFO (p) != NO_GINFO) {
 899      GINFO (z) = new_genie_info ();
 900    }
 901    PREVIOUS (z) = NO_NODE;
 902    if (p == q) {
 903      NEXT (z) = NO_NODE;
 904    } else {
 905      if (NEXT (p) != NO_NODE) {
 906        PREVIOUS (NEXT (p)) = z;
 907      }
 908      NEXT (p) = NEXT (q);
 909      if (NEXT (p) != NO_NODE) {
 910        PREVIOUS (NEXT (p)) = p;
 911      }
 912      NEXT (q) = NO_NODE;
 913    }
 914    SUB (p) = z;
 915    ATTRIBUTE (p) = t;
 916  }
 917  
 918  //! @brief Find symbol table at level 'i'.
 919  
 920  TABLE_T *find_level (NODE_T * n, int i)
 921  {
 922    if (n == NO_NODE) {
 923      return NO_TABLE;
 924    } else {
 925      TABLE_T *s = TABLE (n);
 926      if (s != NO_TABLE && LEVEL (s) == i) {
 927        return s;
 928      } else if ((s = find_level (SUB (n), i)) != NO_TABLE) {
 929        return s;
 930      } else if ((s = find_level (NEXT (n), i)) != NO_TABLE) {
 931        return s;
 932      } else {
 933        return NO_TABLE;
 934      }
 935    }
 936  }
 937  
 938  //! @brief Whether 'p' is top of lexical level.
 939  
 940  BOOL_T is_new_lexical_level (NODE_T * p)
 941  {
 942    switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
 943    case ALT_DO_PART:
 944    case BRIEF_ELIF_PART:
 945    case BRIEF_OUSE_PART:
 946    case BRIEF_CONFORMITY_OUSE_PART:
 947    case CHOICE:
 948    case CLOSED_CLAUSE:
 949    case CONDITIONAL_CLAUSE:
 950    case DO_PART:
 951    case ELIF_PART:
 952    case ELSE_PART:
 953    case FORMAT_TEXT:
 954    case CASE_CLAUSE:
 955    case CASE_CHOICE_CLAUSE:
 956    case CASE_IN_PART:
 957    case CASE_OUSE_PART:
 958    case OUT_PART:
 959    case ROUTINE_TEXT:
 960    case SPECIFIED_UNIT:
 961    case THEN_PART:
 962    case UNTIL_PART:
 963    case CONFORMITY_CLAUSE:
 964    case CONFORMITY_CHOICE:
 965    case CONFORMITY_IN_PART:
 966    case CONFORMITY_OUSE_PART:
 967    case WHILE_PART: {
 968        return A68_TRUE;
 969      }
 970    default: {
 971        return A68_FALSE;
 972      }
 973    }
 974  }
 975  
 976  //! @brief Some_node.
 977  
 978  NODE_T *some_node (char *t)
 979  {
 980    NODE_T *z = new_node ();
 981    INFO (z) = new_node_info ();
 982    GINFO (z) = new_genie_info ();
 983    NSYMBOL (z) = t;
 984    return z;
 985  }
     


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