parser-top-down.c

     
   1  //! @file parser-top-down.c
   2  //! @author J. Marcel van der Veer
   3  
   4  //! @section Copyright
   5  //!
   6  //! This file is part of Algol68G - an Algol 68 compiler-interpreter.
   7  //! Copyright 2001-2024 J. Marcel van der Veer [algol68g@xs4all.nl].
   8  
   9  //! @section License
  10  //!
  11  //! This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 
  12  //! under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the 
  13  //! Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or 
  14  //! (at your option) any later version.
  15  //!
  16  //! This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 
  17  //! WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY 
  18  //! or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for 
  19  //! more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public 
  20  //! License along with this program. If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
  21  
  22  //! @section Synopsis 
  23  //!
  24  //! Top-down parser for control structure.
  25  
  26  #include "a68g.h"
  27  #include "a68g-parser.h"
  28  
  29  // Top-down parser, elaborates the control structure.
  30  
  31  //! @brief Substitute brackets.
  32  
  33  void substitute_brackets (NODE_T * p)
  34  {
  35    for (; p != NO_NODE; FORWARD (p)) {
  36      substitute_brackets (SUB (p));
  37      switch (ATTRIBUTE (p)) {
  38      case ACCO_SYMBOL: {
  39          ATTRIBUTE (p) = OPEN_SYMBOL;
  40          break;
  41        }
  42      case OCCA_SYMBOL: {
  43          ATTRIBUTE (p) = CLOSE_SYMBOL;
  44          break;
  45        }
  46      case SUB_SYMBOL: {
  47          ATTRIBUTE (p) = OPEN_SYMBOL;
  48          break;
  49        }
  50      case BUS_SYMBOL: {
  51          ATTRIBUTE (p) = CLOSE_SYMBOL;
  52          break;
  53        }
  54      }
  55    }
  56  }
  57  
  58  //! @brief Intelligible diagnostic from syntax tree branch.
  59  
  60  char *phrase_to_text (NODE_T * p, NODE_T ** w)
  61  {
  62  #define MAX_TERMINALS 8
  63    int count = 0, line = -1;
  64    static BUFFER buffer;
  65    for (buffer[0] = NULL_CHAR; p != NO_NODE && count < MAX_TERMINALS; FORWARD (p)) {
  66      if (LINE_NUMBER (p) > 0) {
  67        int gatt = get_good_attribute (p);
  68        char *z = non_terminal_string (A68 (input_line), gatt);
  69  // Where to put the error message? Bob Uzgalis noted that actual content of a 
  70  // diagnostic is not as important as accurately indicating *were* the problem is! 
  71        if (w != NO_VAR) {
  72          if (count == 0 || (*w) == NO_NODE) {
  73            *w = p;
  74          } else if (dont_mark_here (*w)) {
  75            *w = p;
  76          }
  77        }
  78  // Add initiation.
  79        if (count == 0) {
  80          if (w != NO_VAR) {
  81            a68_bufcat (buffer, "construct beginning with", BUFFER_SIZE);
  82          }
  83        } else if (count == 1) {
  84          a68_bufcat (buffer, " followed by", BUFFER_SIZE);
  85        } else if (count == 2) {
  86          a68_bufcat (buffer, " and then", BUFFER_SIZE);
  87        } else if (count >= 3) {
  88          a68_bufcat (buffer, " and", BUFFER_SIZE);
  89        }
  90  // Attribute or symbol.
  91        if (z != NO_TEXT && SUB (p) != NO_NODE) {
  92          if (gatt == IDENTIFIER || gatt == OPERATOR || gatt == DENOTATION) {
  93            ASSERT (a68_bufprt (A68 (edit_line), SNPRINTF_SIZE, " \"%s\"", NSYMBOL (p)) >= 0);
  94            a68_bufcat (buffer, A68 (edit_line), BUFFER_SIZE);
  95          } else {
  96            if (strchr ("aeio", z[0]) != NO_TEXT) {
  97              a68_bufcat (buffer, " an", BUFFER_SIZE);
  98            } else {
  99              a68_bufcat (buffer, " a", BUFFER_SIZE);
 100            }
 101            ASSERT (a68_bufprt (A68 (edit_line), SNPRINTF_SIZE, " %s", z) >= 0);
 102            a68_bufcat (buffer, A68 (edit_line), BUFFER_SIZE);
 103          }
 104        } else if (z != NO_TEXT && SUB (p) == NO_NODE) {
 105          ASSERT (a68_bufprt (A68 (edit_line), SNPRINTF_SIZE, " \"%s\"", NSYMBOL (p)) >= 0);
 106          a68_bufcat (buffer, A68 (edit_line), BUFFER_SIZE);
 107        } else if (NSYMBOL (p) != NO_TEXT) {
 108          ASSERT (a68_bufprt (A68 (edit_line), SNPRINTF_SIZE, " \"%s\"", NSYMBOL (p)) >= 0);
 109          a68_bufcat (buffer, A68 (edit_line), BUFFER_SIZE);
 110        }
 111  // Add "starting in line nn".
 112        if (z != NO_TEXT && line != LINE_NUMBER (p)) {
 113          line = LINE_NUMBER (p);
 114          if (gatt == SERIAL_CLAUSE || gatt == ENQUIRY_CLAUSE || gatt == INITIALISER_SERIES) {
 115            a68_bufcat (buffer, " starting", BUFFER_SIZE);
 116          }
 117          ASSERT (a68_bufprt (A68 (edit_line), SNPRINTF_SIZE, " in line %d", line) >= 0);
 118          a68_bufcat (buffer, A68 (edit_line), BUFFER_SIZE);
 119        }
 120        count++;
 121      }
 122    }
 123    if (p != NO_NODE && count == MAX_TERMINALS) {
 124      a68_bufcat (buffer, " etcetera", BUFFER_SIZE);
 125    }
 126    return buffer;
 127  }
 128  
 129  // Next is a top-down parser that branches out the basic blocks.
 130  // After this we can assign symbol tables to basic blocks.
 131  // This renders the two-level grammar LALR.
 132  
 133  //! @brief Give diagnose from top-down parser.
 134  
 135  void top_down_diagnose (NODE_T * start, NODE_T * p, int clause, int expected)
 136  {
 137    NODE_T *issue = (p != NO_NODE ? p : start);
 138    if (expected != 0) {
 139      diagnostic (A68_SYNTAX_ERROR, issue, ERROR_EXPECTED_NEAR, expected, clause, NSYMBOL (start), LINE (INFO (start)));
 140    } else {
 141      diagnostic (A68_SYNTAX_ERROR, issue, ERROR_UNBALANCED_KEYWORD, clause, NSYMBOL (start), LINE (INFO (start)));
 142    }
 143  }
 144  
 145  //! @brief Check for premature exhaustion of tokens.
 146  
 147  void tokens_exhausted (const NODE_T * p, NODE_T * q)
 148  {
 149    if (p == NO_NODE) {
 150      diagnostic (A68_SYNTAX_ERROR, q, ERROR_KEYWORD);
 151      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 152    }
 153  }
 154  
 155  // This part specifically branches out loop clauses.
 156  
 157  //! @brief Whether in cast or formula with loop clause.
 158  
 159  int is_loop_cast_formula (NODE_T * p)
 160  {
 161  // Accept declarers that can appear in such casts but not much more.
 162    if (IS (p, VOID_SYMBOL)) {
 163      return 1;
 164    } else if (IS (p, INT_SYMBOL)) {
 165      return 1;
 166    } else if (IS_REF (p)) {
 167      return 1;
 168    } else if (is_one_of (p, OPERATOR, BOLD_TAG, STOP)) {
 169      return 1;
 170    } else if (whether (p, UNION_SYMBOL, OPEN_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 171      return 2;
 172    } else if (is_one_of (p, OPEN_SYMBOL, SUB_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 173      int k = 0;
 174      for (; p != NO_NODE && (is_one_of (p, OPEN_SYMBOL, SUB_SYMBOL, STOP)); FORWARD (p), k++) {
 175        ;
 176      }
 177      return p != NO_NODE && (whether (p, UNION_SYMBOL, OPEN_SYMBOL, STOP) ? k : 0);
 178    }
 179    return 0;
 180  }
 181  
 182  //! @brief Skip a unit in a loop clause (FROM u BY u TO u).
 183  
 184  NODE_T *top_down_skip_loop_unit (NODE_T * p)
 185  {
 186  // Unit may start with, or consist of, a loop.
 187    if (is_loop_keyword (p)) {
 188      p = top_down_loop (p);
 189    }
 190  // Skip rest of unit.
 191    while (p != NO_NODE) {
 192      int k = is_loop_cast_formula (p);
 193      if (k != 0) {
 194  // operator-cast series ...
 195        while (p != NO_NODE && k != 0) {
 196          while (k != 0) {
 197            FORWARD (p);
 198            k--;
 199          }
 200          k = is_loop_cast_formula (p);
 201        }
 202  // ... may be followed by a loop clause.
 203        if (is_loop_keyword (p)) {
 204          p = top_down_loop (p);
 205        }
 206      } else if (is_loop_keyword (p) || IS (p, OD_SYMBOL)) {
 207  // new loop or end-of-loop.
 208        return p;
 209      } else if (IS (p, COLON_SYMBOL)) {
 210        FORWARD (p);
 211  // skip routine header: loop clause.
 212        if (p != NO_NODE && is_loop_keyword (p)) {
 213          p = top_down_loop (p);
 214        }
 215      } else if (is_one_of (p, SEMI_SYMBOL, COMMA_SYMBOL, STOP) || IS (p, EXIT_SYMBOL)) {
 216  // Statement separators.
 217        return p;
 218      } else {
 219        FORWARD (p);
 220      }
 221    }
 222    return NO_NODE;
 223  }
 224  
 225  //! @brief Skip a loop clause.
 226  
 227  NODE_T *top_down_skip_loop_series (NODE_T * p)
 228  {
 229    BOOL_T siga;
 230    do {
 231      p = top_down_skip_loop_unit (p);
 232      siga = (BOOL_T) (p != NO_NODE && (is_one_of (p, SEMI_SYMBOL, EXIT_SYMBOL, COMMA_SYMBOL, COLON_SYMBOL, STOP)));
 233      if (siga) {
 234        FORWARD (p);
 235      }
 236    } while (!(p == NO_NODE || !siga));
 237    return p;
 238  }
 239  
 240  //! @brief Make branch of loop parts.
 241  
 242  NODE_T *top_down_loop (NODE_T * p)
 243  {
 244    NODE_T *start = p, *q = p;
 245    if (IS (q, FOR_SYMBOL)) {
 246      tokens_exhausted (FORWARD (q), start);
 247      if (IS (q, IDENTIFIER)) {
 248        ATTRIBUTE (q) = DEFINING_IDENTIFIER;
 249      } else {
 250        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, IDENTIFIER);
 251        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 252      }
 253      tokens_exhausted (FORWARD (q), start);
 254      if (is_one_of (q, FROM_SYMBOL, BY_SYMBOL, TO_SYMBOL, DOWNTO_SYMBOL, WHILE_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 255        ;
 256      } else if (IS (q, DO_SYMBOL)) {
 257        ATTRIBUTE (q) = ALT_DO_SYMBOL;
 258      } else {
 259        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, STOP);
 260        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 261      }
 262    }
 263    if (IS (q, FROM_SYMBOL)) {
 264      start = q;
 265      q = top_down_skip_loop_unit (NEXT (q));
 266      tokens_exhausted (q, start);
 267      if (is_one_of (q, BY_SYMBOL, TO_SYMBOL, DOWNTO_SYMBOL, WHILE_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 268        ;
 269      } else if (IS (q, DO_SYMBOL)) {
 270        ATTRIBUTE (q) = ALT_DO_SYMBOL;
 271      } else {
 272        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, STOP);
 273        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 274      }
 275      make_sub (start, PREVIOUS (q), FROM_SYMBOL);
 276    }
 277    if (IS (q, BY_SYMBOL)) {
 278      start = q;
 279      q = top_down_skip_loop_series (NEXT (q));
 280      tokens_exhausted (q, start);
 281      if (is_one_of (q, TO_SYMBOL, DOWNTO_SYMBOL, WHILE_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 282        ;
 283      } else if (IS (q, DO_SYMBOL)) {
 284        ATTRIBUTE (q) = ALT_DO_SYMBOL;
 285      } else {
 286        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, STOP);
 287        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 288      }
 289      make_sub (start, PREVIOUS (q), BY_SYMBOL);
 290    }
 291    if (is_one_of (q, TO_SYMBOL, DOWNTO_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 292      start = q;
 293      q = top_down_skip_loop_series (NEXT (q));
 294      tokens_exhausted (q, start);
 295      if (IS (q, WHILE_SYMBOL)) {
 296        ;
 297      } else if (IS (q, DO_SYMBOL)) {
 298        ATTRIBUTE (q) = ALT_DO_SYMBOL;
 299      } else {
 300        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, STOP);
 301        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 302      }
 303      make_sub (start, PREVIOUS (q), TO_SYMBOL);
 304    }
 305    if (IS (q, WHILE_SYMBOL)) {
 306      start = q;
 307      q = top_down_skip_loop_series (NEXT (q));
 308      tokens_exhausted (q, start);
 309      if (IS (q, DO_SYMBOL)) {
 310        ATTRIBUTE (q) = ALT_DO_SYMBOL;
 311      } else {
 312        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, DO_SYMBOL);
 313        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 314      }
 315      make_sub (start, PREVIOUS (q), WHILE_SYMBOL);
 316    }
 317    if (is_one_of (q, DO_SYMBOL, ALT_DO_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 318      int k = ATTRIBUTE (q);
 319      start = q;
 320      q = top_down_skip_loop_series (NEXT (q));
 321      tokens_exhausted (q, start);
 322      if (!IS (q, OD_SYMBOL)) {
 323        top_down_diagnose (start, q, LOOP_CLAUSE, OD_SYMBOL);
 324        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 325      }
 326      make_sub (start, q, k);
 327    }
 328    NODE_T *save = NEXT (start);
 329    make_sub (p, start, LOOP_CLAUSE);
 330    return save;
 331  }
 332  
 333  //! @brief Driver for making branches of loop parts.
 334  
 335  void top_down_loops (NODE_T * p)
 336  {
 337    NODE_T *q = p;
 338    for (; q != NO_NODE; FORWARD (q)) {
 339      if (SUB (q) != NO_NODE) {
 340        top_down_loops (SUB (q));
 341      }
 342    }
 343    q = p;
 344    while (q != NO_NODE) {
 345      if (is_loop_keyword (q) != STOP) {
 346        q = top_down_loop (q);
 347      } else {
 348        FORWARD (q);
 349      }
 350    }
 351  }
 352  
 353  //! @brief Driver for making branches of until parts.
 354  
 355  void top_down_untils (NODE_T * p)
 356  {
 357    NODE_T *q = p;
 358    for (; q != NO_NODE; FORWARD (q)) {
 359      if (SUB (q) != NO_NODE) {
 360        top_down_untils (SUB (q));
 361      }
 362    }
 363    q = p;
 364    while (q != NO_NODE) {
 365      if (IS (q, UNTIL_SYMBOL)) {
 366        NODE_T *u = q;
 367        while (NEXT (u) != NO_NODE) {
 368          FORWARD (u);
 369        }
 370        make_sub (q, PREVIOUS (u), UNTIL_SYMBOL);
 371        return;
 372      } else {
 373        FORWARD (q);
 374      }
 375    }
 376  }
 377  
 378  // Branch anything except parts of a loop.
 379  
 380  //! @brief Skip serial/enquiry clause (unit series).
 381  
 382  NODE_T *top_down_series (NODE_T * p)
 383  {
 384    BOOL_T siga = A68_TRUE;
 385    while (siga) {
 386      siga = A68_FALSE;
 387      p = top_down_skip_unit (p);
 388      if (p != NO_NODE) {
 389        if (is_one_of (p, SEMI_SYMBOL, EXIT_SYMBOL, COMMA_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 390          siga = A68_TRUE;
 391          FORWARD (p);
 392        }
 393      }
 394    }
 395    return p;
 396  }
 397  
 398  //! @brief Make branch of BEGIN .. END.
 399  
 400  NODE_T *top_down_begin (NODE_T * begin_p)
 401  {
 402    NODE_T *end_p = top_down_series (NEXT (begin_p));
 403    if (end_p == NO_NODE || !IS (end_p, END_SYMBOL)) {
 404      top_down_diagnose (begin_p, end_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, END_SYMBOL);
 405      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 406      return NO_NODE;
 407    } else {
 408      make_sub (begin_p, end_p, BEGIN_SYMBOL);
 409      return NEXT (begin_p);
 410    }
 411  }
 412  
 413  //! @brief Make branch of CODE .. EDOC.
 414  
 415  NODE_T *top_down_code (NODE_T * code_p)
 416  {
 417    NODE_T *edoc_p = top_down_series (NEXT (code_p));
 418    if (edoc_p == NO_NODE || !IS (edoc_p, EDOC_SYMBOL)) {
 419      diagnostic (A68_SYNTAX_ERROR, code_p, ERROR_KEYWORD);
 420      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 421      return NO_NODE;
 422    } else {
 423      make_sub (code_p, edoc_p, CODE_SYMBOL);
 424      return NEXT (code_p);
 425    }
 426  }
 427  
 428  //! @brief Make branch of ( .. ).
 429  
 430  NODE_T *top_down_open (NODE_T * open_p)
 431  {
 432    NODE_T *then_bar_p = top_down_series (NEXT (open_p)), *elif_bar_p;
 433    if (then_bar_p != NO_NODE && IS (then_bar_p, CLOSE_SYMBOL)) {
 434      make_sub (open_p, then_bar_p, OPEN_SYMBOL);
 435      return NEXT (open_p);
 436    }
 437    if (then_bar_p == NO_NODE || !IS (then_bar_p, THEN_BAR_SYMBOL)) {
 438      top_down_diagnose (open_p, then_bar_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, STOP);
 439      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 440    }
 441    make_sub (open_p, PREVIOUS (then_bar_p), OPEN_SYMBOL);
 442    elif_bar_p = top_down_series (NEXT (then_bar_p));
 443    if (elif_bar_p != NO_NODE && IS (elif_bar_p, CLOSE_SYMBOL)) {
 444      make_sub (then_bar_p, PREVIOUS (elif_bar_p), THEN_BAR_SYMBOL);
 445      make_sub (open_p, elif_bar_p, OPEN_SYMBOL);
 446      return NEXT (open_p);
 447    }
 448    if (elif_bar_p != NO_NODE && IS (elif_bar_p, THEN_BAR_SYMBOL)) {
 449      NODE_T *close_p = top_down_series (NEXT (elif_bar_p));
 450      if (close_p == NO_NODE || !IS (close_p, CLOSE_SYMBOL)) {
 451        top_down_diagnose (open_p, elif_bar_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, CLOSE_SYMBOL);
 452        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 453      }
 454      make_sub (then_bar_p, PREVIOUS (elif_bar_p), THEN_BAR_SYMBOL);
 455      make_sub (elif_bar_p, PREVIOUS (close_p), THEN_BAR_SYMBOL);
 456      make_sub (open_p, close_p, OPEN_SYMBOL);
 457      return NEXT (open_p);
 458    }
 459    if (elif_bar_p != NO_NODE && IS (elif_bar_p, ELSE_BAR_SYMBOL)) {
 460      NODE_T *close_p = top_down_open (elif_bar_p);
 461      make_sub (then_bar_p, PREVIOUS (elif_bar_p), THEN_BAR_SYMBOL);
 462      make_sub (open_p, elif_bar_p, OPEN_SYMBOL);
 463      return close_p;
 464    } else {
 465      top_down_diagnose (open_p, elif_bar_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, CLOSE_SYMBOL);
 466      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 467      return NO_NODE;
 468    }
 469  }
 470  
 471  //! @brief Make branch of [ .. ].
 472  
 473  NODE_T *top_down_sub (NODE_T * sub_p)
 474  {
 475    NODE_T *bus_p = top_down_series (NEXT (sub_p));
 476    if (bus_p != NO_NODE && IS (bus_p, BUS_SYMBOL)) {
 477      make_sub (sub_p, bus_p, SUB_SYMBOL);
 478      return NEXT (sub_p);
 479    } else {
 480      top_down_diagnose (sub_p, bus_p, 0, BUS_SYMBOL);
 481      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 482      return NO_NODE;
 483    }
 484  }
 485  
 486  //! @brief Make branch of { .. }.
 487  
 488  NODE_T *top_down_acco (NODE_T * acco_p)
 489  {
 490    NODE_T *occa_p = top_down_series (NEXT (acco_p));
 491    if (occa_p != NO_NODE && IS (occa_p, OCCA_SYMBOL)) {
 492      make_sub (acco_p, occa_p, ACCO_SYMBOL);
 493      return NEXT (acco_p);
 494    } else {
 495      top_down_diagnose (acco_p, occa_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, OCCA_SYMBOL);
 496      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 497      return NO_NODE;
 498    }
 499  }
 500  
 501  //! @brief Make branch of IF .. THEN .. ELSE .. FI.
 502  
 503  NODE_T *top_down_if (NODE_T * if_p)
 504  {
 505    NODE_T *then_p = top_down_series (NEXT (if_p)), *elif_p;
 506    if (then_p == NO_NODE || !IS (then_p, THEN_SYMBOL)) {
 507      top_down_diagnose (if_p, then_p, CONDITIONAL_CLAUSE, THEN_SYMBOL);
 508      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 509    }
 510    make_sub (if_p, PREVIOUS (then_p), IF_SYMBOL);
 511    elif_p = top_down_series (NEXT (then_p));
 512    if (elif_p != NO_NODE && IS (elif_p, FI_SYMBOL)) {
 513      make_sub (then_p, PREVIOUS (elif_p), THEN_SYMBOL);
 514      make_sub (if_p, elif_p, IF_SYMBOL);
 515      return NEXT (if_p);
 516    }
 517    if (elif_p != NO_NODE && IS (elif_p, ELSE_SYMBOL)) {
 518      NODE_T *fi_p = top_down_series (NEXT (elif_p));
 519      if (fi_p == NO_NODE || !IS (fi_p, FI_SYMBOL)) {
 520        top_down_diagnose (if_p, fi_p, CONDITIONAL_CLAUSE, FI_SYMBOL);
 521        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 522      } else {
 523        make_sub (then_p, PREVIOUS (elif_p), THEN_SYMBOL);
 524        make_sub (elif_p, PREVIOUS (fi_p), ELSE_SYMBOL);
 525        make_sub (if_p, fi_p, IF_SYMBOL);
 526        return NEXT (if_p);
 527      }
 528    }
 529    if (elif_p != NO_NODE && IS (elif_p, ELIF_SYMBOL)) {
 530      NODE_T *fi_p = top_down_if (elif_p);
 531      make_sub (then_p, PREVIOUS (elif_p), THEN_SYMBOL);
 532      make_sub (if_p, elif_p, IF_SYMBOL);
 533      return fi_p;
 534    } else {
 535      top_down_diagnose (if_p, elif_p, CONDITIONAL_CLAUSE, FI_SYMBOL);
 536      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 537      return NO_NODE;
 538    }
 539  }
 540  
 541  //! @brief Make branch of CASE .. IN .. OUT .. ESAC.
 542  
 543  NODE_T *top_down_case (NODE_T * case_p)
 544  {
 545    NODE_T *in_p = top_down_series (NEXT (case_p)), *ouse_p;
 546    if (in_p == NO_NODE || !IS (in_p, IN_SYMBOL)) {
 547      top_down_diagnose (case_p, in_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, IN_SYMBOL);
 548      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 549    }
 550    make_sub (case_p, PREVIOUS (in_p), CASE_SYMBOL);
 551    ouse_p = top_down_series (NEXT (in_p));
 552    if (ouse_p != NO_NODE && IS (ouse_p, ESAC_SYMBOL)) {
 553      make_sub (in_p, PREVIOUS (ouse_p), IN_SYMBOL);
 554      make_sub (case_p, ouse_p, CASE_SYMBOL);
 555      return NEXT (case_p);
 556    }
 557    if (ouse_p != NO_NODE && IS (ouse_p, OUT_SYMBOL)) {
 558      NODE_T *esac_p = top_down_series (NEXT (ouse_p));
 559      if (esac_p == NO_NODE || !IS (esac_p, ESAC_SYMBOL)) {
 560        top_down_diagnose (case_p, esac_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, ESAC_SYMBOL);
 561        longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 562      } else {
 563        make_sub (in_p, PREVIOUS (ouse_p), IN_SYMBOL);
 564        make_sub (ouse_p, PREVIOUS (esac_p), OUT_SYMBOL);
 565        make_sub (case_p, esac_p, CASE_SYMBOL);
 566        return NEXT (case_p);
 567      }
 568    }
 569    if (ouse_p != NO_NODE && IS (ouse_p, OUSE_SYMBOL)) {
 570      NODE_T *esac_p = top_down_case (ouse_p);
 571      make_sub (in_p, PREVIOUS (ouse_p), IN_SYMBOL);
 572      make_sub (case_p, ouse_p, CASE_SYMBOL);
 573      return esac_p;
 574    } else {
 575      top_down_diagnose (case_p, ouse_p, ENCLOSED_CLAUSE, ESAC_SYMBOL);
 576      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 577      return NO_NODE;
 578    }
 579  }
 580  
 581  //! @brief Skip a unit.
 582  
 583  NODE_T *top_down_skip_unit (NODE_T * p)
 584  {
 585    while (p != NO_NODE && !is_unit_terminator (p)) {
 586      if (IS (p, BEGIN_SYMBOL)) {
 587        p = top_down_begin (p);
 588      } else if (IS (p, SUB_SYMBOL)) {
 589        p = top_down_sub (p);
 590      } else if (IS (p, OPEN_SYMBOL)) {
 591        p = top_down_open (p);
 592      } else if (IS (p, IF_SYMBOL)) {
 593        p = top_down_if (p);
 594      } else if (IS (p, CASE_SYMBOL)) {
 595        p = top_down_case (p);
 596      } else if (IS (p, CODE_SYMBOL)) {
 597        p = top_down_code (p);
 598      } else if (IS (p, ACCO_SYMBOL)) {
 599        p = top_down_acco (p);
 600      } else {
 601        FORWARD (p);
 602      }
 603    }
 604    return p;
 605  }
 606  
 607  NODE_T *top_down_skip_format (NODE_T *);
 608  
 609  //! @brief Make branch of ( .. ) in a format.
 610  
 611  NODE_T *top_down_format_open (NODE_T * open_p)
 612  {
 613    NODE_T *close_p = top_down_skip_format (NEXT (open_p));
 614    if (close_p != NO_NODE && IS (close_p, FORMAT_CLOSE_SYMBOL)) {
 615      make_sub (open_p, close_p, FORMAT_OPEN_SYMBOL);
 616      return NEXT (open_p);
 617    } else {
 618      top_down_diagnose (open_p, close_p, 0, FORMAT_CLOSE_SYMBOL);
 619      longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 620      return NO_NODE;
 621    }
 622  }
 623  
 624  //! @brief Skip a format text.
 625  
 626  NODE_T *top_down_skip_format (NODE_T * p)
 627  {
 628    while (p != NO_NODE) {
 629      if (IS (p, FORMAT_OPEN_SYMBOL)) {
 630        p = top_down_format_open (p);
 631      } else if (is_one_of (p, FORMAT_CLOSE_SYMBOL, FORMAT_DELIMITER_SYMBOL, STOP)) {
 632        return p;
 633      } else {
 634        FORWARD (p);
 635      }
 636    }
 637    return NO_NODE;
 638  }
 639  
 640  //! @brief Make branch of $ .. $.
 641  
 642  void top_down_formats (NODE_T * p)
 643  {
 644    for (NODE_T *q = p; q != NO_NODE; FORWARD (q)) {
 645      if (SUB (q) != NO_NODE) {
 646        top_down_formats (SUB (q));
 647      }
 648    }
 649    for (NODE_T *q = p; q != NO_NODE; FORWARD (q)) {
 650      if (IS (q, FORMAT_DELIMITER_SYMBOL)) {
 651        NODE_T *f = NEXT (q);
 652        while (f != NO_NODE && !IS (f, FORMAT_DELIMITER_SYMBOL)) {
 653          if (IS (f, FORMAT_OPEN_SYMBOL)) {
 654            f = top_down_format_open (f);
 655          } else {
 656            f = NEXT (f);
 657          }
 658        }
 659        if (f == NO_NODE) {
 660          top_down_diagnose (p, f, FORMAT_TEXT, FORMAT_DELIMITER_SYMBOL);
 661          longjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit), 1);
 662        } else {
 663          make_sub (q, f, FORMAT_DELIMITER_SYMBOL);
 664        }
 665      }
 666    }
 667  }
 668  
 669  //! @brief Make branches of phrases for the bottom-up parser.
 670  
 671  void top_down_parser (NODE_T * p)
 672  {
 673    if (p != NO_NODE) {
 674      if (!setjmp (A68_PARSER (top_down_crash_exit))) {
 675        (void) top_down_series (p);
 676        top_down_loops (p);
 677        top_down_untils (p);
 678        top_down_formats (p);
 679      }
 680    }
 681  }